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The text is further marred by missing pages, missing footnotes, missing supplemental documents, and text accidentally or deliberately destroyed by Zampanò, Truant, or unknown causes.Īn appendix provided by the editors includes a miscellany of writings from both Zampanò and Truant excluded from the body of the book, an obituary for Truant's birth father, and a series of letters later compiled in the Whalestoe Letters.

At the same time, Truant's own factual errors, limited knowledge, and open admission to adulterating Zampanò's work also throw his own reliability into question. More paradoxically, Truant notes that Zampanò purports to authoritatively write about filmmaking and cinematography despite being blind. Truant also determines that Zampanò copied secondary sources to hide his own inexpertise in various subjects. Truant, however, debunks The Navidson Record as a wholesale fabrication, citing his own findings that the film does not exist that Navidson is a fictionalization of the real-life photojournalist Kevin Carter and that Zampanò outright invented numerous sources and quotes. Though many of the academic works Zampanò cites appear to analyze the Record purely as a work of horror fiction, Zampanò's writing remains adamant as to its authenticity. Zampanò discusses not only Navidson's filmmaking techniques, but also segues into topics such as photography, architecture, Biblical studies, and radiometric dating, often interspersing overwhelmingly esoteric tangents, several of which devolve into nonsensical, page-long lists of only superficially relevant items.

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In support, Zampanò cites or quotes articles, journals, symposia, books, magazines, TV programs, and interviews, many supposedly dedicated to this film.

Zampanò's text claims that The Navidson Record, a documentary film directed by an acclaimed photojournalist named Will Navidson, became an American cultural phenomenon upon its theatrical release in 1993, generating volumes of multidisciplinary academic literature, as well as extensive media coverage in popular culture.

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Truant's work is further supplemented by uncredited professional editors, who profess to have, in turn, never met Truant. The rest of the book is punctuated by footnotes by Truant, whether fact-checking, editorializing, translating, or interjecting seemingly irrelevant personal anecdotes. Truant, an apprentice at a Los Angeles tattoo parlor, decided to complete and submit the work for posthumous publication. In an introduction dated 1998, Truant claims to have found the book as an unfinished manuscript left by the recently deceased Zampanò, having never met the author in life. Rather than Danielewski, the title page of House of Leaves credits two men named Zampanò and Johnny Truant as its authors. House of Leaves has also been described as a 'satire of academic criticism.' Summary Danielewski in 2006 The book is most often described as a horror story, though the author has also endorsed readers' interpretation of it as a love story. At points, the book must be rotated to be read, making it a prime example of ergodic literature.

It is also distinguished by convoluted page layouts: some pages contain only a few words or lines of text, arranged to mirror the events in the story, often creating both an agoraphobic and a claustrophobic effect. House of Leaves maintains an academic publishing format throughout with exhibits, appendices, and an index, as well as numerous footnotes including citations for nonexistent works, interjections from the narrator, and notes from the editors to whom he supposedly sent the work for publication. The narrative makes heavy use of multiperspectivity as Truant's footnotes chronicle his efforts to transcribe the manuscript, which itself reveals the Navidson Record 's supposed narrative through transcriptions and analysis depicting a story of a family who discovers a larger-on-the-inside labyrinth in their house. The novel is written as a work of epistolary fiction and metafiction focusing on a fictional documentary film titled the Navidson Record, presented as a story within a story discussed in a handwritten monograph recovered by the primary narrator, Johnny Truant. A bestseller, it has been translated into a number of languages, and is followed by a companion piece, The Whalestoe Letters. Danielewski, published in March 2000 by Pantheon Books. House of Leaves is the debut novel by American author Mark Z.

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